None Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

None - Assignment Example In instances of strict liability, the requirement of a guilty mind is not required; all that is needed to show criminal conduct is the forbidden action. Strict liability offences are usually not of a serious nature and the laws governing such offences are regulatory. A good examples are offences of pollution. Denunciation in criminal sentencing regime is the act of imposing a severe sentence to an accused person in bids to send a message, that society, in the embodiment of the court does not tolerate the action of the accused person action. It therefore serves to deter individuals from committing similar crimes as well as appeasing the victim as they feel that justice has been served. For instance, a person accused of raping a child, could get a harsher sentence than one accused of raping an adult in order to show that child rape will not be tolerated. It is a defense used in court by person’s who murder their spouse alleging that at the time of the commission of the crime the person was suffering from the battered wife syndrome. It is called the battered woman/wife syndrome because it is a defense mostly used by women. It is a defense for the women who react with force as a defense mechanism stemming from the belief that it is the only way to defend themselves from their assailants. Nevertheless, there is no psychological evidence to support this principle as a defense in criminal law. There are four main principles that govern the adjudication of criminal justice. The first one is the presumption of innocence; that a person is innocent until proven guilty in a court of law of competent jurisdiction. The other is the is the burden of proof; in criminal law, he who alleges proves, thus the onus of proving criminal liability is vested on the prosecution and that of proving defenses put forward by the defense team, is vested in the defense. The other principle is right to remain silent; one has the

International business strategy of Nokia Corporation Dissertation

International business strategy of Nokia Corporation - Dissertation Example The study adopted the strategy typology and strategy orientation framework developed by Isoherranen & Kess (2011), where the organisation is categorised as Defender, Protector, Analyser, or Reactor, according to its particular strategic characteristics. A sample of 100 respondents was asked to accomplish the survey questionnaire based on the Isoherranen-Kess framework. The sample was comprised of 50 managers, suppliers or consultants working in or with Nokia in China, and another group of 50 similar participants working in or with Nokia in the UK. The dissertation found that based on the answers of the respondents compared against each other, a different strategic approach was employed in each of the subsidiary operations. The diverse business environments in different localities demanded flexibility and adaptability from international businesses. The parent organisation or central headquarters must factor into its strategic management the ability of overseas units to respond with it s own level of strategic prerogatives to the demands of the host environment. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 1.1Chapter overview 6 1.2Background of the study 6 1.3Theoretical framework 7 1.4Statement of research aim and objectives 8 1.5Statement of research question and sub-questions 8 1.6Significance of the study 9 1.7Assumptions of the study 9 1.8 Scope and delimitation of the study 10 1.9 Chapter summary 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review 12 2.1 Chapter Overview 12 2.2 International Business Strategy 13 2.3Historical information about Nokia 16 2.4 Nokia’s global strategy 19 2.4.1 Nokia organization 20 2.4.2 Nokia’s market trends 21 2.4.3Comprehensive View of Nokia’s strategy 22 2.5 Nokia’s China strategy 24 2.5.1 The strategic importance of China to Nokia 24 2.5.2 Brand performance 25 2.5.3 Product and service design 26 2.5.4 Advertising 27 2.5.5 Research and Development 27 2.6 Synthesis and critical insight 29 Chapter 3: Methodology 34 3.1Chapter overview 34 3.2 Research philosophy and strategy 34 3.3Description of research model and variables used in the study 36 3.3.1 Market orientation in strategy 37 3.3.2Product orientation in strategy 38 3.3.4Strategy orientation characteristics 40 3.3.5Strategy typology characteristics 41 3.3.6 Strategy Analysis Framework 41 3.4 Procedural model used in the study 43 3.4Data collection method 44 3.6 Sampling method 45 3.7 Data gathering and analysis 46 3.8 Reliability and validity of the data 47 3.9 Limitation of the methodology 49 3.10 Ethical considerations in the conduct of the research 51 3.11 Chapter summary 52 Chapter 4: Data and Findings 54 4.1 Chapter overview 54 4.2 Respondent profile 54 4.3 Strategy Orientation Characteristics 59 4.3.1 Strategy focus 59 4.3.2 Value Creation 60 4.3.3 Operational driver 61 4.3.4 Culture 61 4.4 Strategy Typology Characteristics 62 4.4.1 Product –Market Domain 62 4.4.2 Operational Driver 64 4.4.3 Organiz ation 65 4.5 Summary 66 Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusion 69 5.1 Chapter overview 69 5.2 Discussion 69 5.3 Conclusion 72 Bibliography 73 Appendices 77 Chapter 1: Introd